Austenitic stainless steels are widely used because of their high corrosion resistance and toughness. The influence of the applied cyclic load on the mechanical properties of the material is of great current interest. In order to investigate residual stress evolution a series of the austenitic steel samples &#x28;X6CrNiTi1810&#x29; with different degrees of low cycle fatigue was studied. Martensitic phase formation was observed at different degrees of low cycle fatigue. Residual stresses, microstresses in both phases, as well as martensitic precipitation volume fractions, were estimated. Usually after plastic deformation the martensite phase produces a structure of oriented plates or laths. Therefore martensite texture formation during phase transition can be expected. Indeed the registered neutron diffraction spectra from austenitic fatigued samples show texture presence and its variation in dependence of the fatigue degree. The attempt to consider the texture evolution in dependence of fatigue degree and its influence on the residual stresses was made.

G. D. Bokuchava

V. V. Luzin

J. Schreiber

Yu. V. Taran

Residual Stress Investigations in Austenitic Steel Samples With
Different Degree of Low Cycle Fatigue

Due to the high penetration depth of thermal neutrons for most materials, neutron diffraction is an efficient tool for bulk texture analysis. The main applications are investigations of coarse-grained materials, non-destructive pole figure measurements of identical samples at different states, detection of weak textures, measurement of unprepared samples and texture investigations of multi-phase systems. It should be pointed out that neutron texture analysis is suitable for basic research as well as for applications.

H.-G. Brokmeier

Advances and Applications of Neutron Texture Analysis

In biaxial stress state approach distributions of the residual stress in two types of aluminium textured semiproducts with axial and rhombic sample symmetry have been evaluated from the difference in velocities of orthogonally polarized ultrasonic shear bulk waves with account for a texture-dependent component of the total relative velocity change.

V. N. Serebryany

Acoustic Residual Stress Analysis in Textured Aluminium Alloys

Some results of high-resolution neutron diffraction experiments resulting in determination of the microstrain in metallic materials are reported. The method of the diffraction line broadening analysis was verified in two materials, investigated earlier by X-ray diffraction: an austenitic steel prestrained up to 30&#x25; and a cold rolled aluminium magnesium alloy. For these materials, the mean-square microstrain and the dislocation density were determined, a good agreement was reached with the results of X-ray experiments. As an application of such analysis we investigated the influence of the shot-peening treatment on an austenitic steel. This treatment is commonly used to introduce compressive stresses in the surface of material, giving improved resistance to fatigue fracture. The microstrain distribution and the size of coherently diffracting blocks for a shot-peened sample of austenitic steel as a function of depth from the surface are determined by the above analysis and the results are presented.

K. Hirschi

M. Ceretti

P. Luk&#xE1;s

N. Ji

C. Braham

A. Lodini

Microstrain Measurement in Plastically Deformed Austenitic Steel

Neutron texture measurements on YBCO bulk samples show a very
sharp texture of the superconducting phase <mml:math id="E1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>YBa</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mtext>2</mml:mtext></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Cu</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mtext>3</mml:mtext></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>7-x</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> with
half-widths of less than 5&#xB0;. Even with a rather coarse measurement
grid of only 722 points per complete pole figure, satisfactory
results for the recalculated &#x28;002&#x29; pole figures could be obtained.
However, for a reliable calculation of a complete ODF, finer grids
will have to be used. Due to the importance of a good alignment of
the c-axes in the material, a quantitative analysis of the &#x28;002&#x29;
pole figures, including an error estimation due to measurement
grid and counting statistics, was made. An outline for the
determination of a reliable background estimate is given.

Lothar Schmidt

Martin Ullrich

Werner F. Kuhs

Neutron Texture Analysis of Melt-Textured YBCO Bulk Samples

The increasing awareness amongst engineers and designers, of the significance of residual stresses in influencing the useful lifetimes of engineering components, has resulted in more demanding expectations being placed on the methods used to obtain these stresses. The neutron diffraction technique is emerging as the most attractive measuring method as the residual stresses can usually be obtained non-destructively to depths of up to 40 mm in some common engineering materials. Although it is a relatively new technique it has been used to measure the residual stresses in a range of engineering materials introduced by a wide variety of manufacturing processes such as welding, quenching, machining, shot peening, cold hole expansion and autofrettage.In this paper the neutron diffraction technique for non-destructive residual stress measurements will be described including methods used to validate the measurements. Precautions that should be taken in order to obtain reliable measurements are outlined. Procedures being investigated in order to produce a code of practice will be presented.
A representative selection of stress distributions developed by a range of manufacturing processes is examined. Some comparisons are made with strain gauge, X-ray and numerical predictions. It is shown how the results can be of benefit in engineering stress analysis.

A. N. Ezeilo

G. A. Webster

Advances in Neutron Diffraction for Engineering Residual Stress Measurements

The microstructural and quantitative texture analyses of a naturally deformed calcite
mylonite, a dolomite mylonite and a dolomitic calcite mylonite reveal different texture
asymmetries for comparable deformation conditions. Calcite shows a c-axis maximum
rotated against the shear sense with regard to the main shear plane. In contrast, the
dolomite shows a c-axis maximum rotated with the shear sense. In accordance with the
experimental and simulated textures from the literature, this difference proves e-twinning
and r-slip for calcite and f-twinning and c-slip for dolomite as the main deformation
mechanisms. The dolomitic calcite mylonite shows for both the calcite and the dolomite a
c-axis maximum rotated against the shear sense. On account of the microstructure of this
sample, the dolomite texture has been passively overtaken from the deformation texture of
calcite during a late-deformative dolomitization. The results significantly contribute to the
interpretation that the sampled shear zone is a transpressive strike&#x2013;slip fault.

B. Leiss

S. Siegesmund

K. Weber

Texture Asymmetries as Shear Sense Indicators in Naturally
Deformed Mono- and Polyphase Carbonate Rocks

The paper describes a study of the residual stress and the texture in cold drawn wires of pearlitic high carbon steel. Total true strains in wire drawing ranged from 1.96 to 2.59. Such material consists of a ferrite and a cementite phase, both in lamellar form. First, a discussion is given as to the various types of residual stresses which can be expected in
such a material &#x28;macrostresses, grain microstresses, phase microstresses and their components&#x29;. Next the measurements which have been carried out are described: neutron diffraction measurements on both cementite and ferrite phases in the bulk of the wires, and X-ray diffraction measurements on the ferrite phase at the surface. Neutron diffraction led to the average texture and the average phase microstresses in the axial direction in both the ferrite and the cementite phases. X-ray diffraction led to the total phase stress at the surface of the ferrite. By combining both results, it turned out to be possible to determine the macrostress at the surface of the wires and the total phase stress in the cementite as well. Additional measurements, performed after chemical thinning of the wires, finally led to some information about the stress gradients.

P. Van Houtte

K. Van Acker

J. Root

Residual Stress Determination in the Cementite and Ferrite Phases
of High Carbon Steel

Manufacturing processes can generate high residual stress fields that affect the fatigue resistance of components, especially at discontinuities in those that are thick with complex shapes and where radii are small. Welds present residual stress and distortion problems and tremendous challenges for lifetime predictions in aerospace, aero-engine and power generating industries. They represent perhaps 50&#x25; of the problem studies by neutron diffraction but are some of the most difficult to interpret because the composition and structure can vary across the weld and heat-affected zone. The HB4 and HB5 neutron diffraction facilities at the High Flux Reactor &#x28;HFR&#x29; in Petten have been used for the investigation of residual stresses in two structural component cases. The first concerns an austenitic steel piping weld specimen while the second deals with two low alloy steel cast truck motor part specimens. The overall objective in the second case was the evaluation of the post-production heat treatment process to which one of the two identical specimens was subjected.

C. Ohms

A. G. Youtsos

Residual Stress Measurements in Structural Components by Neutron
Diffraction

Two-Sites Self-Consistent &#x28;2-SSC&#x29; models have been used for simulation of texture
development of two-phase materials &#x28;Bolmaro and Lebensohn, 1996; Bolmaro et al., 1997&#x29;. When both phases are plastically deforming the co-deformation and sharing of spins have
to be taken into account via interaction among phases. One-Site Self-Consistent &#x28;1-SSC&#x29;
models are able to consider interaction among each grain and the rest of surrounding grains
through a mean field calculated over the &#x201C;matrix grains&#x201D;. The next level of complexity, i.e.,
2-SSC models, is appropriate to capture some interaction features between phases. In the
current paper, starting from well-defined microstructures and textures of Cu&#x2013;Fe powder
composites, the textures obtained after wire-drawing are simulated taking into account codeformation
and sharing of rotations. The results are shown agreeing with experimental
ones provided that, depending on volume fraction and relative strength of both phases,
different ad-hoc strain rate sensitivities are used.

R. E. Bolmaro

A. Fourty

Experiments and Simulations by Self-Consistent Models of Texture
Development in Cu&#x2013;Fe Powder Composites

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Texture, Stress, and Microstructure

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Texture, Stress, and Microstructure

Proceedings of the International Conference: Neutron Texture and Stress Analysis

Proceedings of the International Conference: Neutron Texture and Stress Analysis

Articles

Residual Stress Investigations in Austenitic Steel Samples With Different Degree of Low Cycle Fatigue

Advances and Applications of Neutron Texture Analysis

Acoustic Residual Stress Analysis in Textured Aluminium Alloys

Microstrain Measurement in Plastically Deformed Austenitic Steel

Neutron Texture Analysis of Melt-Textured YBCO Bulk Samples

Advances in Neutron Diffraction for Engineering Residual Stress Measurements

Texture Asymmetries as Shear Sense Indicators in Naturally Deformed Mono- and Polyphase Carbonate Rocks

Residual Stress Determination in the Cementite and Ferrite Phases of High Carbon Steel

Residual Stress Measurements in Structural Components by Neutron Diffraction

Experiments and Simulations by Self-Consistent Models of Texture Development in Cu–Fe Powder Composites