Combating School Bullying through Developmental Guidance for Positive Youth Development and Promoting Harmonious School Culture

Table 1

An overview on the foci of the P.A.T.H.S. units on bullying.

Level	Goals	Constructs
Secondary 1	(1) To understand what is meant by bullying and its consequences, to avoid being a bully or a victim	Emotional competence,; Behavioral competence,; Social competence,; Resilience
	(2) To understand the true needs of the bullies and identify proper approaches to minimise bullying
	(3) To learn what should be done in the face of bullying
Secondary 2	(1) To understand that bystanders play an important role in bullying	Moral competence,; Behavioral competence,; Prosocial norms
	(2) To learn to be a wise and responsible bystander
Secondary 3	(1) To learn to be a responsible bystander in cyber bullying	Moral competence,; Social competence
	(2) To learn and practice the motto “seek common ground and respect differences; seek harmony but not uniformity”