Research Article

Effect of Long-Term Paddy-Upland Yearly Rotations on Rice (Oryza sativa) Yield, Soil Properties, and Bacteria Community Diversity

Table 1

Experimental design of six paddy-upland crop rotation systems.

Label Cropping systemYear of start of experimentRice seasonUpland crop seasonHerbicidesAnnual N-P-K input Kg/ha
SowingTPHarvestSowingHarvestRiceUpland crop season

CKRice-fallow phaseContinuesEarly MayEarly JuneLate OctoberYesNo
RRRice-ryegrass2001NovemberHarvest 2-3 timesYes b2001–2005: 180-50-180No
RPRice-potato, with rice straw as mulch2001DecemberMarchNoNo
RCRice-Chinese milk vetch2001NovemberNo2005–by now: 120-50-120No
ROMRice-oilseed rape with burned straw return after harvest2001NovemberAprilNo c20-20-20
aROFRice-oilseed rape with fresh straw return as green manure at flowering2003NovemberMarchNoNo

aOilseed rape was considered as manure crops but economic crops in ROF. This is a new cropping rotation under evaluating.
bFertilizer input was reduced due to the lodging problem of rice season in RP and RC treatment.
cFertilizer applied at bolting stage for oilseed rape.