Research Article
Source Apportionment of PM10 by Positive Matrix Factorization in Urban Area of Mumbai, India
Table 1
Mean and standard deviations (elemental concentration in μg m−3) of species of four sites of Mumbai.
| | Mahul | Khar | Dharavi | Colaba | | Average | Std. dev | Average | Std. dev | Average | stdev | Average | stdev | | 85 samples | 86 samples | 83 samples | 86 samples |
| PM10 | 199.228 | 83.324 | 184.930 | 98.427 | 230.974 | 74.980 | 139.785 | 75.721 | OC | 37.111 | 20.843 | 36.725 | 26.855 | 46.437 | 22.932 | 19.875 | 9.659 | EC | 9.091 | 5.971 | 8.444 | 6.706 | 10.065 | 5.413 | 6.035 | 3.845 | Cl− | 3.312 | 1.922 | 4.568 | 3.194 | 7.303 | 4.111 | 4.053 | 2.110 | SO42− | 12.679 | 6.093 | 13.226 | 8.309 | 13.385 | 5.496 | 16.846 | 7.786 | NO3− | 2.380 | 1.838 | 1.987 | 1.101 | 3.917 | 2.623 | 2.997 | 2.110 | Na+ | 3.165 | 1.643 | 3.248 | 1.918 | 4.020 | 2.298 | 3.014 | 1.196 | NH4+ | 5.692 | 2.951 | | | 2.628 | 1.205 | 3.961 | 1.468 | K+ | 2.196 | 0.706 | 2.420 | 0.618 | 2.381 | 1.122 | 1.799 | 1.005 | Ca2+ | 5.676 | 2.155 | 6.426 | 3.645 | 7.846 | 2.679 | 6.582 | 5.957 | Al | 0.310 | 0.212 | 0.270 | 0.194 | 0.277 | 0.191 | 0.155 | 0.147 | Ba | 0.165 | 0.333 | 0.143 | 0.107 | 0.146 | 0.112 | 0.057 | 0.063 | Cd | 0.019 | 0.019 | | | 0.015 | 0.010 | 0.012 | 0.010 | Cr | 0.060 | 0.041 | 0.069 | 0.062 | 0.051 | 0.045 | 0.041 | 0.069 | Cu | 0.159 | 0.116 | 0.157 | 0.118 | 0.190 | 0.135 | 0.070 | 0.052 | Fe | 13.020 | 9.445 | 11.407 | 7.765 | 11.764 | 8.472 | 7.247 | 6.556 | In | 1.533 | 1.233 | 1.396 | 1.040 | 1.658 | 1.202 | 0.635 | 0.580 | Mg | 2.883 | 1.333 | 2.422 | 1.394 | 3.330 | 1.730 | 2.313 | 3.723 | Mn | 0.318 | 0.220 | 0.277 | 0.200 | 0.284 | 0.196 | 0.158 | 0.152 | Ni | 0.064 | 0.041 | 0.061 | 0.026 | 0.052 | 0.039 | 0.087 | 0.049 | Pb | 1.804 | 1.390 | 0.107 | 0.043 | 1.100 | 0.772 | 0.677 | 0.588 | Se | 0.053 | 0.035 | 0.979 | 0.591 | 0.023 | 0.024 | | | Si | 0.831 | 0.808 | 0.609 | 0.676 | 0.931 | 1.509 | 1.030 | 0.975 | Sr | 0.055 | 0.028 | 0.058 | 0.035 | 0.076 | 0.044 | 0.048 | 0.068 | Ti | 0.552 | 0.352 | 0.397 | 0.291 | 0.423 | 0.321 | 0.215 | 0.135 | V | 0.060 | 0.045 | 0.027 | 0.011 | 0.046 | 0.055 | | | Zn | 1.857 | 1.512 | 1.595 | 1.243 | 1.759 | 1.362 | 0.779 | 0.693 |
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