Research Article
Correlates of HIV Risk Reduction Self-Efficacy among Youth in South Africa
Table 1
Individual, social, structural, contraception, and prevention programme exposure of study sample by gender.
| | | Male () | Female () |
| | Sociodemographics | (%) or (SD) | (%) or (SD) | | Poverty index (range 6–24) | 8.3 (3.0) | 7.9 (2.6) | | ≤Grade 10 | 218 (14.7) | 171 (18.0) | | Grade 11 | 233 (17.3) | 201 (18.5) | | Grade 12 or more | 670 (68.0) | 632 (63.5) | | Student | 459 (42.3) | 361 (44.0) | | Employed | 217 (23.0) | 114 (11.1) | | Unemployed | 370 (34.8) | 440 (45.0) | | Knowledge | | | | Contraceptive knowledge (range 0–7) | 4.7 (1.6) | 5.1 (1.5) | | Knows person living with HIV and/or died from AIDS | | | | 0 | 393 (40.0) | 272 (36.3) | | 1 knows PLHIV or died from AIDS | 252 (23.5) | 215 (18.2) | | 2 knows PLHIV and died from AIDS | 475 (36.6) | 514 (45.5) | | Ever HIV test | 556 (48.9) | 779 (80.4) |
| | Prior sexual experiences | | | | Early sex (<15) | 145 (17.8) | 65 (6.9) | | Ever forced sex | 14 (1.1) | 58 (7.3) | | Sex with much older partner | 70 (4.3) | 232 (19.3) | | Concurrent sexual partners | 126 (6.8) | 53 (3.1) | | Transactional sex partner in lifetime | 103 (7.8) | 50 (5.0) | | Outcome expectancies | | | | Low HIV risk perception | 294 (23.6) | 354 (30.2) | | Believes that condom use is a sign of not trusting the partner | 259 (15.9) | 229 (17.5) |
| | Sociostructural factors | | | | Peer pressure | | | | Low | 350 (41.0) | 465 (54.6) | | Medium | 447 (42.3) | 398 (37.5) | | High | 206 (16.6) | 121 (7.9) | | Talked with partner about condoms in past 12 months | 820 (94.1) | 769 (90.7) | | HIV communication (range 0–10) | 5.6 (2.5) | 5.6 (2.2) | | HIV/AIDS stigma | 118 (5.5) | 75 (3.8) | | Difficulty of getting condoms (range 1–4) | 1.22 (0.6) | 1.13 (0.5) | | Lack of relationship control (range 4–16) | 8.5 (2.3) | 8.3 (2.5) | | Agreed with statement “It is acceptable to have sex with my sex partner even though my partner does not want to.” | 60 (4.0) | 43 (2.9) | | Hazardous or harmful alcohol use | 430 (34.0) | 160 (16.4) | | Ever drug use | 162 (25.4) | 32 (2.6) | | Current tobacco use | 363 (25.4) | 69 (5.6) | | Has goals in life | 728 (72.4) | 628 (63.6) |
| | HIV status | | | Diagnosed HIV positive
Diagnosed HIV negative | 35 (6.7)
493 (93.3) | 64 (9.5)
654 (90.5) | | HIV risk reduction self-efficacy | 462 (52.7) | 488 (56.6) |
| | Programme exposure | | | | One year or more loveLife participation | 315 (22.4) | 250 (21.5) | | loveLife face-to-face participation | | | | 0 | 700 (70.4) | 639 (62.6) | | 2–4 | 219 (12.2) | 193 (22.1) | | 5–9 | 100 (8.0) | 71 (4.3) | | 5 or more | 98 (9.3) | 101 (11.0) | | loveLife multimedia programme exposure | | | | 0-1 | 174 (18.1) | 180 (20.7) | | 2–4 | 577 (50.8) | 458 (48.2) | | 5–9 | 340 (31.1) | 331 (31.0) |
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