Current Status of Trace Metal Pollution in Soils Affected by Industrial Activities

Table 4

Trace element concentration in (a) air and (b) water phases affected by industrial activities.

(a) Air phase

Order	Industry type	Industry group Short name^a	ISIC industry code^a	Location		Trace element concentrations (ng m^−3)									Reference
				City	Country	Pb	Zn	Mn	Ni	Cu	Cr	Fe	Cd	As
1	Petrochemical	CE+PE	061	Tarragona	Spain	1.22	—	4.70	—	—	2.19	—	0.05	0.12	[25]
2	Petrochemical		061	Rio de Janeiro	Brazil	8.90	25.1	1.50	—	12.1	—	15.9	0.30	—	[47]
3	Chemical and petrochemical		061, 201	Rio de Janeiro	Brazil	15.9	2124	16.0	2.10	22.0	2.40	775	0.40	—	[48]
4	Chemical		201	Tarragona	Spain	3.20	—	8.50	—	—	2.19	—	0.23	0.69	[25]
5	Machinery, metallurgical, petrochemistry, pulp and paper, textile		131, 170, 241, 242, 281,	Sihwa	Rrpublic of Korea	321	657	161	—	—	69.6	1203	7.10	7.70	[49]
6	Textile, metallurgical, paper		131, 241, 242, 281,	Banwol	Rrpublic of Korea	346	1272	86.3	—	—	21.0	1218	6.30	6.30	[49]
7	Metal recycling, steel production		241, 242	Pohang	Rrpublic of Korea	93.8	389	245	—	—	23.9	5423	1.95	—	[50]
8	Ceramic, paper products, petrochemical	ND^b	061, 170, 239	Onda	Spain	164	203	7.00	—	—	3.00	432	—	—	[40]
9	Oil refineries, cement, shipyards, steel		192, 239, 241, 301	Elefsina	Greece	71.1	—	21.1	—	—	—	—	14.5	3.70	[51]
10	Oil refineries, steel mill; Ferrous and non-ferrous metal		192, 241	Capana	Argentina	70.6	36.9	21.2	—	—	2.83	552	0.27	2.76	[44]
11	manufacturing, fertilizer production, manganese ore treatment, scrap, metal incineration, oil refining		192, 201, 241, 242	Thessaloniki	Greece	140	830	84.0	—	59.0	7.50	—	2.70	3.60	[17]

^aRefer to Table 2.
^bNO—not defined due to the complexity of industry types.

(b) Water phase

Phase	Industry type	Industry group short name^a	ISIC industry	Location		Trace element concentration (mg L^−1)									Reference
			code^a	City	Country	Pb	Zn	Mn	Ni	Cu	Cr	Fe	Cd	As
1	Brewery		110	Ibadan	Nigeria	—	0.33	0.04	—	0.60	0.01	0.18	—	—	[52]
2	Brewery	BE	110	Benin	Nigeria	—	0.17	0.03	—	0.46	0.01	0.38	—	—	[52]
3	Brewery		110	Lagos	Nigeria	—	0.22	—	—	0.54	0.02	0.15	—	—	[52]
4	Brewery		110	Ibadan	Nigeria	0.19	2.40	—	—	0.36	0.21	—	0.11	—	[53]
5	Tannery	LE	151	Peshawar	Pakistan	0.08	0.13	0.087	—	—	0.09	0.14	0.014	—	[30]
6	Tannery		151	Haridwar	India	—	—	0.02	—	—	0.93	0.84	0.007	—	[41]
7	Textile	TE	131,139	Kaduna	Nigeria	—	0.31	1.18	—	1.16	—	2.14	—	—	[54]
8	Textile		131,139	Haridwar	India	—	—	0.7	—	0.05	—	2.95	—	—	[41]

^aRefer to Table 1.