Beyond the Definitions of the Phenotypic Complications of Sickle Cell Disease: An Update on Management

Table 4

Nonpharmacologic management of pain.

(i) TENS	(i) Relaxation
(ii) Vibration	(ii) Virtual reality
(iii) Massage	(iii) Meditation
(iv) Heat or ice packs	(iv) Self-hypnosis
(v) Menthol rub	(v) Acupressure
(vi) Therapeutic exercise	(vi) Acupuncture
(vii) Music	(vii) Biofeedback