Assessment of Pulse Oximeter Perfusion Index in Pediatric Caudal Block under Basal Ketamine Anesthesia

Figure 1

Changes in HR (bpm), MAP (mmHg), and percent perfusion index (PI) following intravenous ketamine administration. Indices were expressed as a change from T0 (preinjection values). Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA, and statistical significance was defined as 𝑃≤0.05. ^#𝑃<0.05 versus T0, and *𝑃<0.001 versus T0.