| Species | Regions | Plant part(s) used | Traditional uses and ethnobotanical reports | Reference(s) |
|
Pistacia lentiscus |
Algeria | Leaf | Appetizer and astringent | [75] |
Greece | Resin | Stomach ache, dyspepsia, stomach ulcer, intestinal disorders, hepatic inflammation, tooth disease, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and diuretic | [33, 128, 129] | Aerial part | Stimulant, diuretic, hypertension, kidney stones, jaundice, cough, sore throat, eczema, and stomach ache | [88] |
Iraq | Resin | Abdominal pain | [130] |
Iran | Resin | Gum tissue strengthener, breath deodorizer, brain and liver tonic, and gastrointestinal ailments | [11, 100, 102] |
Italy | Leaf | Toothache, mycosis, herpes, abdominal and intestinal pain, rheumatism, antiseptic, cicatrizant, emollient, expectorant, and astringent | [131, 132] |
Jordan | Leaf | Jaundice |
[121, 133] | Resin | Heart burn and stomach ache |
Morocco | Leaf | Digestive disease, evil eye | [134] |
Portugal | Leaf, bark | Gastric analgesic | [135] | Root | Antiseptic and antiodontalgic | [135] | Seeds | Antirheumatic | [135] | Stem | Buccal antiseptic | [135] |
Spain | Aerial part | Hypertension | [136] | Fruit | Influenza | [71] | Leaf | Dermatophytosis in cows | [72] | Tender bud | Warts | [73] |
Tunisia | Fruit | Edible usage, condiment, scabies, Rheumatism, and antidiarrheal | [60] |
Turkey | leaf | Eczema, diarrhea, throat infections, paralysis, kidney stones, Jaundice, asthma, stomach ache, astringent, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and stimulant | [96] |
|
Pistacia atlantica |
Algeria | Fruit | Stomach ache, cough, stress, tonic, and antidiarrheal | [20, 63] |
Greek | Fruit | Mouth flavouring, tanning, and as fodder | [31] |
Iran | Aerial part | Veterinary | [31] | Fruit | Antidiarrheal | [11] | Resin | Peptic ulcer, mouth freshener, antiseptic, gum tissue strengthener, as chewing gum, appetizer, phlegm dissolver, astringent, laxative, demulcent, diuretic, emmenagogue, carminative, visceral inflammation, scabies, stomach, liver and kidneys tonic, gastrointestinal disorders, and motion sickness | [9] | Resin, bark | Joint pains, toothache, wound healing | [137] |
Jordan | Fruit | Stomach ache | [133] | leaf | Antidiabetic | [109] |
Morocco | Leaf | Eye infection | [134] | Resin | Gum tissue strengthener, breath deodorizer, cough, chill, and stomach disease | [27] |
Turkey | Fruit | Mouth disease | [138] | leaf | As vegetables and food | [127] | Resin | Wound healing | [138] |
|
Pistacia terebinthus |
Greece | Resin | Antidote, aphrodisiac, expectorant, and treatment of leprosy | [139] |
Iran | Resin | Smoke of it as air purifier and antiseptic | [140] | Leaf, bark | Astringent and antidiarrhea | [11] |
Jordan | Resin | Diuretic, laxative, stimulant, and aphrodisiac | [18] | Leaf | Diuretic, antihypertensive, and treatment of jaundice | [18] |
Spain | Aerial part | Hypotensive and cephalalgic | [141] | Branch | Antiseptic | [141] | Flower, leaf | Odontalgia and Dislocated joint | [142] | Fruit | Antiprostatitis | [141] |
Turkey | Fruit | Cold, flu, diuretic, stomach ache, rheumatism, stimulant, antitussive, appetizer, as coffee, urinary inflammations, and soap production | [29, 53, 138, 143] | Leaf | Stomach ache, mycosis, and antidiabetic | [29, 53, 144, 145] | Resin | Urinary and respiratory antiseptic, asthma, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory | [53] |
| Pistacia vera |
Iran | Nut shell | Tonic, sedative, and antidiarrhea | [11] | Fruit | Food | [10] |
Jordan | Oil | Facial skin cleanser | [133] |
Turkey | Resin | Asthma, stomach ache, and hemorrhoids | [146] |
| Pistacia khinjuk |
Iran | Aerial part | Veterinary use | [147] | Resin | Stomach discomfort, nausea, vomiting, and motion sickness | [148] |
|
|