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Chemical name (common names, abbreviations) | Structure | Activation metabolism | Coordination (binding) groups | Elements chelated |
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2,3-bis(sulfanyl)butanedioic acid (Dimercaptosuccinic acid; Succimer; Dimercaptosuccinic acid; DMSA; Suximer; Tin Salt; Succicaptal; Chemet) | | Excretion via urine >90% as DMSA—cysteine disulfide conjugates. | Oxygen and sulfhydryl | Lead Arsenic Mercury Cadmium Silver Tin Copper |
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Sodium 2,3-bis(sulfanyl)propane-1-sulfonate (Sodium Dimercaptopropanesulfonate; DMPS; Unithiol; Dimaval; Unitiol; (+)-DMPS; (−)-DMPS) | | 84% of IV dose excreted through urine | Oxygen and sulfhydryl | Mercury Arsenic Lead Cadmium Tin Silver Copper Selenium Zinc Magnesium |
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2-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetic acid (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; Edetic acid; EDTA; Edathamil; Endrate; Versene acid; Sequestrol; Titriplex; Havidote; Cheelox; Versene; Calcium Disodium Versenate (edetate calcium disodium injection, USP) | | Not metabolized. Excreted unchanged, generally coordinated with a different divalent cation | Oxygen | Lead Cadmium Zinc (Mercury thought to be too strongly bound in tissues to be mobilized, but this is not clinical experience) |
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(2S)-2-amino-3-methyl-3-sulfanylbutanoic acid (3-Sulfanyl-D-valine; Penicillamine; D-Penicillamine; Cuprimine; Depen; Penicillamine; Mercaptyl; Artamine; Cuprenil; Perdolat; Trolovol | | Rarely excreted unchanged; excreted mainly as disulfides | Oxygen, hydroxyl, sulfhydryl, and amine | Copper (Wilson’s disease) Arsenic Zinc Mercury Lead |
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2,3-bis(sulfanyl)propan-1-ol (Dimercaprol; British Anti-Lewisite; BAL; 2,3-Dimercaptopropanol; Sulfactin; Dicaptol; Dimersol; Antoxol; Panobal; Dithioglycerine; Dithioglycerol) | | Excreted unchanged in urine | Sulfhydryl and hydroxyl | Arsenic Gold Mercury Lead (BAL in combination with CaNa2EDTA) |
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