Targeting Apoptosis Pathways in Cancer with Alantolactone and Isoalantolactone

Table 1

Molecular targets of alantolactone in different cancer types.

Cancer type	Cell lines	EC50/concentration	Molecular targets	References
Liver	HepG2, Bel-7402, SMMC-7721	40 µM	Bax/Bcl-2↑, caspase-3↑, STAT3⊥, caspase-8↑, MMP↓, Bid↑, NF-κB/p65↓	[50, 51]
Glioblastoma	U87	20 and 40 µM	p53↑, Bax↑, Bcl-2↓, caspase-9↑, caspase-3↑, ADP-ribose↓, NF-κB⊥, ROS↑	[49]
Colon	HCT-8	5 µg/mL	activin/SMAD3 signaling↑, Cripto-1/ActRII⊥	[45]
Leukemia	HL-60, K562,; K562/ADR	10, 25, and 50 µg/mL	ROS↑, cytochrome-c↑, Bax↑, PARP↓,; ADP-ribose↓, NF-κB⊥, DNA-binding↓, IκBα phosphorylation↑, p21↑, Bcr/Abl↓, P-glycoprotein↓, cyclin B1↓, cyclin-dependent protein kinase-1↓,	[32, 56, 57]
Lung	A549	6.25, 12.5, and 25 µM/L	—	[53]
Other cancers	MK-1, HeLa, and B16F10	—	—	[15]

↓: Downregulation; ↑: Upregulation; ⊥: Inhibition.