Research Article
Bullying and Its Associated Factors among School-Aged Adolescents in Thailand
Table 2
Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis of factors that are associated with bullying among adolescents in Thailand, 2008.
| | | Male | Female | | | OR1 (95% CI) | AOR2 (95% CI) | OR1 (95% CI) | AOR2 (95% CI) |
| | Age | | | | | | ≤12 years | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
— | | 13 | 0.85 (0.51–1.41) | 0.68 (0.32–1.48) | 1.16 (0.75–1.80) | | 14 | 0.68 (0.47–0.99)* | 0.63 (0.39–1.02) | 1.18 (0.70–1.97) | | ≥15 years | 0.49 (0.31–0.78)** | 0.34 (0.18–0.65)** | 0.79 (0.44–1.42) | | Health behaviour | | | | | | Was in a physical fight in the past 12 months |
3.71 (2.77–4.97)*** | 3.64 (2.84–4.66)*** | 3.66 (2.57–5.23)*** | 2.91 (2.00–4.24)*** | | Current smoking | 1.61 (1.19–2.18)** | 0.96 (0.47–1.95) | 1.15 (0.42–3.16) | — | | Current other tobacco use | 2.66 (2.11–3.36)*** | 1.29 (0.62–2.68) | 1.33 (0.50–3.49) | — | | Current alcohol use | 1.76 (1.43–2.15)*** | 0.83 (0.56–1.22) | 1.57 (0.88–2.81) | — | | Ever illicit drug use | 3.31 (2.45–4.48)*** | 1.08 (0.39–2.94) | 1.74 (0.65–4.63) | — | | Two or more sexual partners in lifetime | 2.59 (1.67–4.02)*** | 1.12 (0.39–3.63) | 2.34 (0.87–6.26) | — | | Physical activity less than 60 min per day on at least five days per week | 1.52 (1.16–1.98)** | 1.49 (1.04–2.15)* | 1.02 (0.66–1.57) | — | | Most of the time or always hunger | 3.07 (1.72–5.49)*** | 2.20 (0.91–5.32) | 0.90 (0.34–2.40) | — | | Psychosocial distress | | | | | | None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | | One | 1.45 (1.22–1.95)*** | 1.24 (0.85–1.81) | 1.92 (1.29–2.87)** | 1.47 (1.03–2.08)* | | Two | 3.02 (2.11–4.31)*** | 2.07 (1.14–3.74)* | 2.86 (1.69–4.84)*** | 2.37 (1.33–4.03)** | | Three or more | 7.21 (2.03–25.64)** | 4.13 (0.92–18.50) | 7.59 (2.39–24.07)** | 5.28 (1.46–19.18)* | | No close friends | 2.13 (1.10–4.15)* | 0.55 (0.20–1.48) | 1.19 (0.40–3.59) | — | | Protective factors | | | | | | Truancy | 2.12 (1.60–2.79)*** | 1.66 (1.13–2.45)* | 1.65 (1.07–2.55)* | 1.22 (0.75–1.99) | | Peer support | 0.72 (0.55–0.95)* | 1.25 (0.81–1.93) | 0.66 (0.50–0.86)** | 0.77 (0.57–1.04) | | Parental or guardian supervision | 0.90 (0.64–1.26) | — | 0.85 (0.60–1.22) | — | | Parental or guardian connectedness | 0.68 (0.51–0.91)* | 0.95 (0.62–1.48) | 0.86 (0.60–1.25) | — | | Parental or guardian bonding | 0.64 (0.51–0.81)*** | 0.83 (0.61–1.14) | 0.60 (0.45–0.80)** | 0.71 (0.51–0.99)* |
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1OR: odds ratio; 2AOR: adjusted odds ratio. ***; **; *.
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