An Update on Diabetic Women Obstetrical Outcomes Linked to Preconception and Pregnancy Glycemic Profile: A Systematic Literature Review

Table 4

Detailed data about obstetric outcomes according to pregnancy glycemic profile.

Author (year)	Design	DM (𝑛)	1st trimester HbA1c (%)	2nd trimester HbA1c (%)	3rd trimester HbA1c (%)	Nephropathy (%)	Preeclampsia (%)	Caesarian section(%)	Preterm delivery (%)
Evers et al. (2004) [10]	Prospective study	I = 323	6.5 ± 1.0*	5.9 ± 0.9*	6.2 ± 1.1*		12.8	44.3	32.2
Jensen et al. (2004) [11]	Prospective study	I = 1215	7.3 (6.6–8.2)^‡	6.6 (6–8.3)^‡	6.7 (6.2–7.4)^‡	6.4	18.1	55.9	41.7
Clausen et al. (2005) [12]	Retrospective study	I = 240	7 (6.5–7.8)^‡	6.3 (5.8–6.8)^‡	6.3 (5.9–6.7)^‡	11	13	51
		II = 61	6.8 (6.1–7.7)^‡	5.7 (5.2–6.2)^‡	5.9 (5.5–6.2)^‡	13	7	36
Huddle (2005) [13]	Retrospective study	I = 172			6.8 ± 1.0*	7.6		63
		II = 213			6.5 ± 1.0*	1.9		61.5
de Valk et al. (2006) [16]	Retrospective study	I = 48	6.4	6.0	6.2		8.9	42.9	21.4
Hillman Gadea et al. (2006) [17]	Retrospective study	I = 532	7.2 ± 1.19*	6.3 ± 0.9*	6.2 ± 0.8*		3.2	56	35.4
		II = 93	6.4 ± 1.19*	5.8 ± 0.84*	5.8 ± 0.76*		6.5	44.1	30.4
Gonzalez-Gonzalez et al. (2008) [18]	Retrospective study	I = 257	7.1 ± 1.22*		6.0 ± 0.82*	5.1		47.7
		II = 147	6.6 ± 1.51*		5.5 ± 0.55*	1.4		42.8
Lapolla et al. (2008) [19]	Prospective study	I = 504				1.2	4.3	73	37.5
		II = 164				0.6	3.1	69.3	33.6
Murphy et al. (2011) [20]	Prospective study	I = 408	7.4 (6.1–9.6)^‡	6.7 (5.7–8.2)^‡	6.7 (5.6–8.1)^‡	2.2	7.8
		II = 274	6.8 (5.6–8.5)^‡	6 (5.2–7.1)^‡	6.2 (5.2–7.3)^‡	2.6	5.2

DM: diabetes mellitus.
HbA1c: haemoglobin glycated.
*Results shown as mean ± standard deviation.
^‡Results shown as median ± interquartile range.