Seven-Spot Ladybird Optimization: A Novel and Efficient Metaheuristic Algorithm for Numerical Optimization

Table 1

Results of the Griewank function.

Algorithm	Dimension	Mean	Best	SD
SLO	5	1.2870𝐸−01	7.4000𝐸−03	9.1200𝐸−02
	10	3.1000𝐸−01	2.4600𝐸−02	5.2890𝐸−01
	30	1.4705𝐸+00	6.2000𝐸−03	1.7894𝐸+00
GA	5	1.2240𝐸+01	1.2240𝐸+01	1.2267𝐸−10
	10	1.4568𝐸+01	6.5624𝐸+00	4.7149𝐸+00
	30	1.4100𝐸−02	1.9119𝐸−10	2.4700𝐸−02
PSO	5	2.3700𝐸−02	7.4000𝐸−03	1.2400𝐸−02
	10	7.6900𝐸−02	2.7000𝐸−02	3.3600𝐸−02
	30	1.3200𝐸−02	1.1102𝐸−15	1.4900𝐸−02
ABC	5	6.8808𝐸−04	0.0000𝐸+00	2.1000𝐸−03
	10	2.8000𝐸−03	1.1102𝐸−16	4.6000𝐸−03
	30	6.3515𝐸−04	0.0000𝐸+00	3.5000𝐸−03