Seven-Spot Ladybird Optimization: A Novel and Efficient Metaheuristic Algorithm for Numerical Optimization

Table 5

Results of the Schwefel function.

Algorithm	Dimension	Mean	Best	SD
SLO	5	3.2505𝐸+02	6.3638𝐸−05	1.7285𝐸+02
	10	1.2493𝐸+03	7.5042𝐸+02	2.7913𝐸+02
	30	5.8700𝐸+03	4.7145𝐸+03	7.6059𝐸+02
GA	5	2.0752𝐸+03	2.0752𝐸+03	5.2257𝐸−11
	10	4.1504𝐸+03	4.1504𝐸+03	9.4875𝐸−11
	30	1.2451𝐸+04	1.2451𝐸+04	7.3221𝐸−10
PSO	5	2.9610𝐸+02	6.3638𝐸−05	1.3104𝐸+02
	10	5.6719𝐸+02	2.3688𝐸+02	1.6709𝐸+02
	30	2.8564𝐸+03	1.5989𝐸+03	4.0442𝐸+02
ABC	5	6.3638𝐸−05	6.3638𝐸−05	1.9653𝐸−14
	10	1.2728𝐸−04	1.2728𝐸−04	5.2425𝐸−14
	30	3.1000𝐸−03	3.8183𝐸−04	1.4200𝐸−02