Emergent Biomarkers of Residual Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Low HDL-c and/or High Triglycerides and Average LDL-c Concentrations: Focus on HDL Subpopulations, Oxidized LDL, Adiponectin, and Uric Acid

Table 3

Markers of inflammatory and angiogenic profile of the populations under study.

Parameters	(1) Effects of TGs levels (normal versus high) on normal and low HDL-c conditions/populations						(2) Effects of HDL-c levels (normal versus high) on normal and high TGs conditions		(3) Effects of variations of both HDL-c and TGs levels
	Normal HDL-c (𝑛=119)			Low HDL-c (𝑛=50)
	Normal TGs (𝑛=83) Population A	High TGs (𝑛=36) Population B	𝑃; A versus B	Normal TGs (𝑛=17) Population C	High TGs (𝑛=33) Population D	𝑃; C versus D	(Normal TGs) 𝑃 (A versus C)	(High TGs) 𝑃; (B versus D)	𝑃; A versus D	𝑃; B versus C
CRP (µg/mL)	0.42±0.09	0.35±0.08	0.798	0.59±0.16	0.60±0.12	0.981	0.206	0.237	0.131	0.327
TNF-𝛼 (pg/mL)	3.21±0.36	2.96±0.39	0.727	2.83±0.43	3.50±0.55	0.758	0.914	0.552	0.573	0.858
iCAM-1 (ng/mL)	580.98±32.51	553.40±61.34	0.664	536.10±55.09	426.54±26.89	0.064	0.525	0.215	0.001	0.975
Adiponectin (µg/mL)	9.48±0.87	7.67±0.93	0.108	10.55±1.96	5.22±0.66	0.010	0.697	0.110	0.000	0.201
Uric acid (mmol/L)	0.50±0.05	0.66±0.08	0.005	0.38±0.08	0.65±0.10	0.023	0.104	0.616	0.144	0.005
VEGF (pg/mL)	376.48±30.81	461.24±63.74	0.161	468.45±61.39	546.34±67.86	0.759	0.113	0.302	0.017	0.564

Results are presented as media ± SEM. Independent samples 𝑡-test and Mann-Whitney test for normalized and nonnormalized samples, respectively. CRP: C-reactive protein; iCAM-1: intercellular adhesion molecule 1; TNF-𝛼: tumour necrosis factor alpha; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor.