Applying an ESSENCE Framework to Understanding Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder and ADHD: Retrospective Parent Reports of Childhood Problems
Table 4
Main effects for comparisons amongst ADHD and ASD groups.
FTF subdomain
Main effects
P
Gross motor skills
n.s
Fine motor skills
n.s
Attention
<0.001
Hypoactive and hyperactive/impulsive
0.006
Planning and organizing
0.002
Relation in space
n.s
Time concept
0.007
Body perception
n.s
Visual perception
n.s
Memory
0.048
Comprehension
n.s
Expressive language skills
n.s
Communication
0.033
Reading/writing and math
n.s
General learning
n.s
Coping in learning
n.s
Social skills
<0.001
Internalising and externalising problemsr
n.s
Obsessive-compulsive
n.s
Comparisons amongst ADHD, ASD, and ADHD+ASD groups; overall group differences were calculated using the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA; pairwise group comparisons were made using the Mann-Whitney test and presented in text.
