International Myeloma Working Group definition of multiple myeloma [9]. *MM-related organ damage includes the following: hypercalcemia [serum calcium > 0.25 mmol/L (1 mg/dL) above normal]; renal insufficiency (serum creatinine > 1.0 mg/dL above base line); anemia (hemoglobin > 2 g/dL below baseline); bone, lytic lesions, or osteoporosis with compression fracture; and symptomatic hyperviscosity, amyloidosis, or recurrent bacterial infections (>2 in 12 months). BMPC = bone marrow plasma cells.
