Stakeholders’ Attitude to Genetically Modified Foods and Medicine

Table 6

Weighted average and post hoc test results for perceived risks of GM foods and GM insulin.

Stakeholder	Weighted average ± std dev.*
	GM soybean	GM palm oil	GM insulin
(1) Producers (𝑛=36)	4.44±1.30	4.30±1.28	4.34±1.38
(2) Biotechnologists (𝑛=30)	4.64±1.65	3.92±1.59	3.95±1.75
(3) Biologists (𝑛=43)	4.76±1.37	3.98±1.43	4.06±1.55^6
(4) Policy makers (𝑛=40)	4.58±1.32	4.18±1.24	4.05±1.58^6
(5) NGOs (𝑛=41)	4.95±1.07	4.28±1.09	4.63±1.11
(6) Media (𝑛=38)	5.39±1.36	5.08±1.51	5.22±1.38^3,4,12
(7) Politicians (𝑛=38)	4.70±1.08	4.33±1.22	4.67±1.25
(8) Islamic scholars (𝑛=47)	5.11±1.26	4.19±1.64	4.55±1.50
(9) Buddhist scholars (𝑛=28)	4.53±0.76	4.21±0.94	4.40±0.89
(10) Christian scholars (𝑛=26)	4.71±1.00	4.39±0.81	4.58±0.92
(11) Hindu scholars (𝑛=26)	4.86±1.33	4.47±1.65	4.68±2.04
(12) Biology students (𝑛=46)	4.65±1.29	4.13±1.39	3.95±1.51^6
(13) General public (𝑛=578)	4.77±1.15	4.41±1.27	4.60±1.26
Overall (𝑛=1017)	4.78±1.20	4.35±1.32	4.52±1.36

∗Games-Howell post hoc test results showing significant differences at least at 𝑃<0.05 between the indicated group and the stakeholders numbered in superscript.
∗Code of stakeholders: ¹producers, ²biotechnologists, ³biologists, ⁴policy makers, ⁵NGOs, ⁶Media, ⁷politicians, ⁸Islamic scholars, ⁹Buddhist scholars, ¹⁰Christian scholars, ¹¹Hindu scholars, ¹²biology students, and ¹³general public.