The Emerging Role of Complement Lectin Pathway in Trypanosomatids: Molecular Bases in Activation, Genetic Deficiencies, Susceptibility to Infection, and Complement System-Based Therapeutics

Table 1

Clinical complications associated with complement deficiencies. A clear decrease at the serum levels or complete absence of complement factors or complement regulatory proteins alter the different complement pathways.Several clinical complications are summarized including the complement pathway involved, the deficient complement factor and the clinical manifestation associated.

Clinical situation	Principle of anticomplement therapy	Treatment
Glomerulonephritis	C5 inhibition	Eculizumab
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria	Replacement of deficient complement inhibitor molecule; C5 inhibition	Recombinant soluble CD59; Eculizumab (monoclonal antibody)
Ebola, Hendra viruses	Lectin pathway activation	Chimeric lectins
acute myocardial infarction treated; with angioplasty or thrombolysis	C5 inhibition	Pexelizumab (monoclonal antibody)
Cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass	Augmentation of complement inhibitory	TP10 (recombinant soluble complement receptor 1)
Cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass	Inhibition of the complement system at; many levels	Heparin
Chemotherapy induced neutropenia; Erythema multiforme	MBL (lectin pathway, inflammation)	MBL
African trypanosomiasis	Inhibit coat inhibitory of complement activation	Nanobodies
Inflammation	Blocking complement activation	An 11 amino acid peptide derived from the parasite complement C2 receptor CRIT, called H17, reduced immune complex-mediated inflammation