Ultrasound for the Anesthesiologists: Present and Future
Figure 3
Normal lung ultrasound: (a) 2D “red arrows” point to the pleura, where the normal “sliding sign” should be seen, while the “yellow arrows” represent the A-lines that are normal reverberation from the pleura. (b) M-mode shows the “seashore sign.” Pneumothorax: (c) 2D; absence of lung sliding, (d) M-mode; “stratosphere sign” or “barcode sign,” lung point may also be seen during inspiration and represents the border between pneumothorax and normal pleura. Cardiac pulmonary edema: (e) homogeneous distribution of B-lines (yellow arrows), normal sliding, and no spared areas. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): (f) “patchy” distribution of B-lines, reduced/abolished sliding, spared areas, and peripheral consolidations.
