In Vitro Permeation of Micronized and Nanonized Alaptide from Semisolid Formulations

Table 1

Cumulative permeated amounts 𝑄_𝑡 per unit area (μg/cm²) of micronized/nanonized alaptide from buffer and from various semisolid formulations achieved in in vitro transdermal permeation experiments performed using Franz diffusion cell. Cumulative permeations are expressed as mean ± SD (𝑛=5 experiments).

Time (h)	Alaptide	Cumulative permeated amounts 𝑄𝑡 (μg/cm^2)
		Buffer	Gel	Cream	Ointment
0.5	Micro	12.6 ± 1.9^a	220.5 ± 11.1^abc	89.9 ± 4.0^a	75.3 ± 5.4^cd
	Nano	6.9 ± 2.0^a	105.7 ± 7.3^a	246.7 ± 21.5^a	58.9 ± 7.4^a
1	Micro	40.1 ± 8.0^a	401.6 ± 30.9^c	206.7 ± 8.9^a	84.8 ± 7.3^de
	Nano	18.5 ± 7.6^a	165.6 ± 7.0^ab	488.1 ± 14.2^b	65.0 ± 8.2^ab
2	Micro	150.8 ± 7.2^a	626.4 ± 211.1^d	568.7 ± 7.2^b	96.7 ± 5.9^fg
	Nano	147.3 ± 9.2^a	342.7 ± 79.9^bc	676.07 ± 21.9^b	72.9 ± 6.7^bc
4	Micro	418.3 ± 24.6^b	1474.5 ± 306.9^f	1414.5 ± 21.3^d	112.4 ± 7.3^h
	Nano	345.9 ± 21.8^b	1027.5 ± 28.0^e	917.5 ± 13.5^c	81.2 ± 7.2^cd
6	Micro	1189.0 ± 105.9^d	1927.6 ± 241.2^g	2533.7 ± 9.2^f	126.4 ± 3.7^i
	Nano	1029.3 ± 212.6^c	1850.9 ± 27.7^g	1863.8 ± 24.1^e	90.9 ± 7.6^ef
24	Micro	3897.1 ± 295.6^f	13766.8 ± 92.8^i	10602.6 ± 18.2^h	151.9 ± 9.5^j
	Nano	2178.0 ± 295.7^e	9774.1 ± 390.3^h	8499.4 ± 461.0^g	103.0 ± 10.3^gh

The means followed by different letters are significantly different at 𝑃=0.05. The analysis was performed for both micro- and nanoforms of alaptide within individual studied system (buffer as well as 3 semisolid formulations).