Research Article

A Fragile Zero Watermarking Scheme to Detect and Characterize Malicious Modifications in Database Relations

Table 10

Characterization of malicious insertion attacks on length of data values.

Characteristic

15.743258945.2732589400No change
220.19114646918.54114646900No change
348.66276279152.853267609+504818+18.27%↑Low to High
425.41144290623.34144290600No change