Lifetime Paid Work and Mental Health Problems among Poor Urban 9-to-13-Year-Old Children in Brazil
Table 2
Health and education potential correlates of lifetime paid work among children aged 9–13 years () in Embu, São Paulo, Brazil.
Potential correlates
Lifetime paid work
OR (95% CI)
P
Yes
No
N (%)
N (%)
Mental health problems
None (reference)
7/140 (5.0)
133/140 (95.0)
Pure internalizing problemsa
7/41 (17.1)
34/41 (82.9)
3.91 (1.29–11.91)
0.011
Pure externalizing problemsa
1/11 (9.1)
10/11 (90.9)
1.90 (0.21–17.01)
0.462
Botha
2/21 (9.5)
19/21 (90.5)
2.00 (0.39–10.35)
0.332
Physical health problems
No (reference)
10/158 (6.3)
148/158 (93.7)
Yesb
7/54 (13.0)
47/54 (87.0)
2.20 (0.80–6.11)
0.121
School delay
No (reference)
14/186 (7.5)
172/186 (92.5)
Yesc
3/26 (11.5)
23/26 (88.5)
1.60 (0.43–6.00)
0.445
Repeated one or more grades
No (reference)
15/193 (7.8)
178/193 (92.2)
Yes
2/19 (10.5)
17/19 (89.5)
1.40 (0.29–6.62)
0.654
School dropout
No (reference)
16/208 (7.7)
192/208 (92.3)
Yes
1/4 (25.0)
3/4 (75.0)
4.00 (0.39–40.70)
0.286
OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval. Compared to none. Presence of at least one of the following conditions: (1) poor/bad general health; (2) chronic health problem; (3) permanent hearing, speech, or vision problem; (4) physical deformity or handicap. One or more years behind the grade expected for her/his chronological age.
