Phenotypes and Genotypes of Patients with Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration in Asian and Caucasian Populations: 2 Cases and Literature Review
Table 3
Clinical findings in patients with PKAN: Asians versus Caucasians.
Classic patients
Atypical patients
Asians
Caucasians
Asians
Caucasians
Age at onset (years)
6.7 (2–10)
4.7 (1–10)
30.7 (17–51)
18.3 (11–30)
Dysarthria
89%*
50%
42%
44%
Dystonia
78%
93%
75%
94%
General dystonia
67%
87%
0%*
89%
Cranial dystonia
22%*
81%
50%*
89%
Segmental dystonia
0%
4%
67%*
6%
Pyramidal signs
56%*
89%
17%*
83%
Mental impairment
44%*
85%
8%*
72%
Parkinsonism
11%*
50%
42%
39%
Psychiatric symptoms
0%
6%
0%
22%
Indicates the difference between Asians and Caucasians in each group (classic or atypical) reaches scientific significance, that is, .
