Influence of Root Exudates on the Bacterial Degradation of Chlorobenzoic Acids

Table 1

Comparison of technologies used for decontamination of polluted areas [1].

Technology	Description	+	−
Bioremediation	Use of plants and/or microorganisms	(i) In situ/ex situ; (ii) Cheap; (iii) Economical also for low level contamination	(i) Needs longer time; (ii) Contaminant specific
Physical methods
Burning/dump site	Excavation of the contaminated soil and its burning at high temperature or deposition on a dump side	(i) Ex situ; (ii) Fast; (iii) Possible to use for wide spectra of contaminants	(i) Destruction of environment; (ii) Needs special equipment; (iii) Burning effective just for organic contaminants
Solidification/stabilization	Immobilization of contaminant on sorbent	(i) In situ/ex situ; (ii) Fast	(i) Possible rebounding; contaminant is present forever
Electrokinetic remediation	Removal of contaminants by electromigration and electroosmosis	(i) In situ/ex situ; (ii) Fast; (iii) Organic and heavy metals	(i) Needs special equipment; (ii) Not possible to use for all types of soils
Washing/flushing	Use of water or detergent solution for washing of contaminants	(i) In situ/ex situ; (ii) Possible to use for wide spectra of contaminants	(i) Needs special equipment; (ii) Need of decontamination of the resulting solution
Chemical methods
Oxidation	Application of strong oxidants (hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate ozone gas, or persulfates)	(i) In situ/ex situ; (ii) Fast	(i) Only for organic contaminants; (ii) Destruction of the present ecosystems
Hydrolysis	Mostly alkaline hydrolysis	(i) In situ/ex situ; (ii) Fast	(i) Only for organic contaminants; (ii) Destruction of the present ecosystems