Differentiating between Underwater Construction Noise of Monopile and Jacket Foundations for Offshore Windmills: A Case Study from the Belgian Part of the North Sea

Table 2

Summary statistics of the piling activities of monopile A02 and B10 and jacket foundations CB6 and CG3, targeted in this study, as well as the averages and total (where appropriate) for the 56 monopiles installed at the Blighbank (source: Belwind) and the 49 jacket installed on the Thorntonbank (source: C-Power).

	Monopile piling activities (pile diameter = 5 m)					Jacket piling activities (pinepile diameter = 1.8 m)
	Unit	A02	B10	Average	Total	Unit	G3	B6	Average	Total
Pile length	m	55	63	54		m	48	21	37	—
Mass	t	401	453	375		t	96	46	77	—
Number of strokes required		2114	3848	2982	168550		13321	4288	9476	464328
Average energy per stroke	kJ	642	839	706		kJ	436	321	412
Duration of piling	min	64	163	120	6779	min	405	162	319	15646
Net piling frequency	Number of strokes/minute	42	39	40		Number of strokes/minute	About 40	About 40
Total energy	MJ	1356	3224	2084	118909	MJ	5805	1376	3909	191531