Research Article
Integration of Agronomic Practices with Herbicides for Sustainable Weed Management in Aerobic Rice
Table 6
Cost effectiveness of different herbicide treatments (averaged over seasons).
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T1: pretilachlor/safener fb bentazon/MCPA; T2: pretilachlor/safener fb manual weeding; T3: pretilachlor/safener fb propanil/thiobencarb; T4: pretilachlor/safener fb propanil/thiobencarb fb bentazon/MCPA; T5: pretilachlor/safener fb propanil/thiobencarb fb manual weeding; T6: propanil/thiobencarb; T7: propanil/thiobencarb fb bentazon/MCPA; T8: propanil/thiobencarb fb manual weeding; T9: cyhalofop-butyl + bensulfuron; T10: cyhalofop-butyl + bensulfuron fb bentazon/MCPA; T11: cyhalofop-butyl + bensulfuron fb manual weeding; T12: bispyribac-sodium; T13: bispyribac-sodium fb bentazon/MCPA; T14: bispyribac-sodium fb manual weeding; T15: season long weed-free by Manual weeding; T16: season long weedy. RM: Ringgit Malaysia. Market price of herbicide commercial products: pretilachlor/safener (Soffit N300 EC) = 70 RM/L, cyhalofop-butyl (Halop 100 EC) = 110 RM/L, bensulfuron (Tekong) = 19 RM 100/g, bispyribac-sodium (Nominee 100 SC) = 98 RM 250/mL, propanil/thiobencarb (Satuni) = 42 RM/L, and bentazon/MCPA (basagran M60) = 38 RM/L. Manual weeding cost: 100 laborers/ha for 2 weedings at 25 RM/laborer/day, herbicide application cost: 2/laborer/ha/round at 25 RM/laborer/day, market price of paddy: 1000.00 RM t/ha, gross income = paddy yield (t/ha) market price (RM t/ha), and net benefit = gross income − total weeding cost. 1 US$ = 3 RM (approx.). |