A Synchronous-Asynchronous Particle Swarm Optimisation Algorithm

Table 9

Average results on the experiments involving the number of groups.

Number of groups	Quadric	Quartic	Rosenbrock	Spherical	Hyperellipsoid	Ackley	Griewank	Rastrigin	Salomon
4	1.1854	0.262	45.3952	2.864𝐸−06	4.349𝐸−07	0.0167	0.0073	51.9996	0.3941
5	0.7224	1.289𝐸−12	41.0048	0.445	2.275𝐸−08	0.0089	0.0074	46.2869	0.3663
6	0.462	1.381𝐸−13	39.7459	9.038𝐸−10	9.866𝐸−09	0.0027	0.0073	43.3588	0.3453
7	0.3886	9.477𝐸−14	39.66	1.205𝐸−10	1.79𝐸−09	9.4418𝐸−06	0.0071	40.1133	0.3297
8	0.3013	2.671𝐸−14	40.0051	5.109𝐸−11	7.606𝐸−10	6.1644𝐸−06	0.0075	38.2584	0.3193
9	0.25	5.154𝐸−15	40.682	0.1889	3.668𝐸−10	4.2811𝐸−06	0.0067	36.3674	0.3141
10	0.2111	3.448𝐸−15	37.3187	1.824𝐸−11	2.134𝐸−10	3.1415𝐸−06	0.0068	35.7875	0.3093