Andrographolide Inhibits Nuclear Factor-B Activation through JNK-Akt-p65 Signaling Cascade in Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Stimulated Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Figure 6

Diagram of the hypothetical inhibitory mechanism of andrographolide-induced effects in TNF-𝛼-stimulated VSMCs. TNF-𝛼 triggers the expression of iNOS through I𝜅B𝛼-(I𝜅B𝛼-p65) and I𝜅B𝛼-independent (JNK-Akt-p65) pathways.