Characteristics of Lake Chad Level Variability and Links to ENSO, Precipitation, and River Discharge

Figure 4

Standardized time series (left) of (a) rainfall in the northern LCB, (b) rainfall in the southern LCB, (c) ENSO, (d) LC level at Kindjeria, and (e) LCL at Kalom and their respective continuous wavelet transforms (f), (g), (h), (i), and (j) (right). The thick contour enclosed regions are greater than 95% confidence for a red-noise process. The thin solid line indicates the “cone of influence,” where edge effects become important.