Research Article

Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Combined with Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Determination of Organophosphate Esters in Aqueous Samples

Table 4

Extraction effects for OPEs of different methods.

Extraction methodDetectionTargetsRecovery (%)RSD (%)LOD (ng/L)Ref.

LLE (25 mL, DCM)LC-MS/MSTnBP, TEHP80–941.9–12TnBP: 11
TEHP: 7.2
[9]

SPE (HLB) (>60 min)LC-MS/MSTnBP, TEHPTnBP: 65–90 TEHP: 50–70TnBP: 1–11 TEHP: 1–16TnBP: 20
TEHP: 38
(LOQ)
[14]

SPE (HLB) (2000 mL sample)GC-NPDTiBP, TnBP, TCEP, TCPP, TDCP, TBEP, TPhP, TEHP, and TPPO24–1092.1–16.75–10[25]

SPME (PDMS-DVB fiber, 20 mL, 30 min)GC-NPDDitto26.7–119.25.3–64.815–25 (LOQ)[25]

MA-HS-SPME (PDMS-DVB fiber, 20 mL, 5 min)GC-MS (SIM)TnBP, TEHP86–1066–15TnBP: 0.2
TEHP: 1.5
[26]

SPME (IL-based sol-gel fiber, 10 mL, 20–80 min)GC-FPDTPrP, TnBP, TCEP, TCPP, TPhP, TEHP, and TCrP73.2–101.83.3–7.60.7–11.6[19]

MASE (3 h)LC-MS/MSTnBP100–1122–133 (LOQ)[15]

DLLME (10 min)GC-NPDTnBP, TEHPTnBP: 94–104 TEHP: 40–114TnBP: 2–6 TEHP: 9–17TnBP: 10
TEHP: 80
(LOQ)
[27]

SFO-DLLME (8 mL, 12 min)LC-MS/MSTEP, TBP, TCEP, TBEP, TCPP, TTP, TPhP, and TEHPTEP: 48–58, 86–113 for others3.2–9.320–70This study