Phytochemical Profiles and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of the Leaves of Zanthoxylum bungeanum
Table 1
Content of total flavonoid, phenolic, and alkaloid and antioxidant capacity of ethanol extracts and its five fractions from Z. bungeanum leaves.
Samples
Content
Antioxidant capacity
TFC (mmol QE/100 g)
TPC (mmol GAE/100 g)
TAC (mmol CE/100 g)
DPPHIC50 (μg/mL)
FRAP (μmol Trolox/g)
ABTS (μmol Trolox/g)
ECE
60.96 ± 8.87a
58.78 ± 9.37b
0.47 ± 0.28c
40.75 ± 0.21c
317.11 ± 9.71b
1122.91 ± 34.62c
PEF
4.01 ± 3.42d
4.43 ± 2.17c
1.71 ± 0.07b
377.95 ± 39.39f
81.56 ± 7.41e
264.20 ± 37.27f
CF
2.29 ± 2.03d
7.07 ± 2.36c
4.39 ± 0.05a
169.15 ± 4.60e
170.44 ± 10.45d
563.86 ± 22.66e
EAF
67.93 ± 9.29a
97.29 ± 17.53a
0.25 ± 0.02c
13.20 ± 0.85b
615.88 ± 1.86b
2147.83 ± 23.08b
AF
47.62 ± 6.34bc
62.87 ± 10.80b
0.06 ± 0.01c
18.55 ± 0.35b
594.15 ± 8.89b
2044.58 ± 19.99b
MF
31.63 ± 5.30c
8.35 ± 0.30c
0.10 ± 0c
85.85 ± 2.19d
191.93 ± 2.22d
747.69 ± 38.77d
Quercetin
—
—
—
2.60 ± 0.10a
1865.80 ± 33.40a
20113.58 ± 23.20a
Rutin
—
—
—
10.42 ± 0.14ab
1722.59 ± 6.42a
20153.46 ± 46.05a
TFC expressed as mmol quercetin equivalent per 100 g. TPC expressed as mmol gallic acid equivalent per 100 g. TAC expressed as mmol chelerythrine equivalent per 100 g. DPPHIC50 values were the effective concentrations at which DPPH radicals were scavenged by 50%. FRAP and ABTS results expressed as micromoles of trolox equivalent per g. Values are the mean of three replicates ± SD. Means with different letters within a column were significantly different ().