Phytochemical Profiles and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of the Leaves of Zanthoxylum bungeanum

Table 1

Content of total flavonoid, phenolic, and alkaloid and antioxidant capacity of ethanol extracts and its five fractions from Z. bungeanum leaves.

Samples	Content			Antioxidant capacity
	TFC; (mmol QE/100 g)	TPC; (mmol GAE/100 g)	TAC; (mmol CE/100 g)	DPPHIC50 (μg/mL)	FRAP; (μmol Trolox/g)	ABTS; (μmol Trolox/g)
ECE	60.96 ± 8.87^a	58.78 ± 9.37^b	0.47 ± 0.28^c	40.75 ± 0.21^c	317.11 ± 9.71^b	1122.91 ± 34.62^c
PEF	4.01 ± 3.42^d	4.43 ± 2.17^c	1.71 ± 0.07^b	377.95 ± 39.39^f	81.56 ± 7.41^e	264.20 ± 37.27^f
CF	2.29 ± 2.03^d	7.07 ± 2.36^c	4.39 ± 0.05^a	169.15 ± 4.60^e	170.44 ± 10.45^d	563.86 ± 22.66^e
EAF	67.93 ± 9.29^a	97.29 ± 17.53^a	0.25 ± 0.02^c	13.20 ± 0.85^b	615.88 ± 1.86^b	2147.83 ± 23.08^b
AF	47.62 ± 6.34^bc	62.87 ± 10.80^b	0.06 ± 0.01^c	18.55 ± 0.35^b	594.15 ± 8.89^b	2044.58 ± 19.99^b
MF	31.63 ± 5.30^c	8.35 ± 0.30^c	0.10 ± 0^c	85.85 ± 2.19^d	191.93 ± 2.22^d	747.69 ± 38.77^d
Quercetin	—	—	—	2.60 ± 0.10^a	1865.80 ± 33.40^a	20113.58 ± 23.20^a
Rutin	—	—	—	10.42 ± 0.14^ab	1722.59 ± 6.42^a	20153.46 ± 46.05^a

TFC expressed as mmol quercetin equivalent per 100 g. TPC expressed as mmol gallic acid equivalent per 100 g. TAC expressed as mmol chelerythrine equivalent per 100 g. DPPH_IC50 values were the effective concentrations at which DPPH radicals were scavenged by 50%. FRAP and ABTS results expressed as micromoles of trolox equivalent per g. Values are the mean of three replicates ± SD. Means with different letters within a column were significantly different (𝑃<0.05).