Vocal Emotion of Humanoid Robots: A Study from Brain Mechanism

Table 1

Hemodynamics activation during identification of emotions and vowels.

		Emotions versus baseline	Vowels versus baseline	Emotions versus vowels	Vowels versus emotions
SMA/ACC (BA 6, 24, 32)		9.28 [3, 9, 57]	11.97 [3, 9, 51]	—	—
DLFC (BA 9, 44–46)	Left	9.52 [−48, 9, 30]	15, 14 [−54, 6, 30]	—	7.18 [−54, 6, 33]
	Right	16.89 [51, 33, 15]	12.42 [42, 0, 33]	—	—
OBFC (BA 47)	Left	7.67 [−45, 30, −12]	—	—	—
	Right	7.33 [48, 36, −18]	—	8.63 [48, 33, −15]	—
Rolandic area (BA 3/4/6)	Left	12.08 [−45, −9, 18]	10.11 [−57, 0, 21]	—	—
	Right	13.29 [45, 3, 24]	10.16 [57, 3, 18]	—	10.16 [−48, −39, 54]
IPL (BA 7, 40)	Left	—	14.15 [−21, −63, 48]	—	10.57 [27, −66, 39]
	Right	9.89 [39, −51, 48]	15.99 [27, −54, 57]	—	—
STG (BA 22, 41, 42)	Left	8.96 [−60, −45, 9]	8.10 [−60, −30, 9]	—	—
	Right	12.32 [48, −45, 6]	8.18 [51, −42, 6]	8.69 [48, −42, 3]	—
MTG (BA 21)	Left	11.18 [−36, −3, −15]	8.17 [−39, −9, −18]	—	—
	Right	16.18 [45, 15, −30]	11.68 [54, 3, −15]	—	—
Thalamus	Left	11.44 [−6, −27, −3]	12.13 [−6, −24, −3]	—	—
	Right	15.75 [6, −21, 0]	12.89 [9, −21, 6]	—	—
Cerebellum	Left	13.56 [−30, −60, −27]	7.98 [−33, −54, −33]	—	—
	Right	10.86 [42, −63, −33]	9.18 [48, −66, −33]	—	—
	Vermis	14.73 [−6, −72, −30]	10.42 [−3, −72, −24]	—	—