Research Article
Physicochemical Characterization and Thermodynamic Studies of Nanoemulsion-Based Transdermal Delivery System for Fullerene
Table 3
Composition and physicochemical characteristics of FNE formulations.
| Formulation | Components concentration (%, w/w) |
Diameter (±standard deviation) (nm) | pH | PKOEs | Tween 80 | Span 80 | Phenonip | Xanthan gum | Beeswax | Water |
| Pre-F | 20 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 75.0 | 89.7 ± 0.10 | 5.70 | FNE1 | 20 | 4 | 1 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 74.3 | 72.8 ± 0.05 | 5.60 | FNE2 | | | | | | | | | | (a) | 20 | 4 | 1 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0 | 74.1 | 112.7 ± 0.12 | 5.66 | (b) | 20 | 4 | 1 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0 | 73.9 | 133.5 ± 0.12 | 5.64 | (c) | 20 | 4 | 1 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0 | 73.7 | 104.5 ± 0.13 | 5.53 | (d) | 20 | 4 | 1 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0 | 73.5 | 90.9 ± 0.10 | 5.47 | (e) | 20 | 4 | 1 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0 | 73.3 | 113.6 ± 0.11 | 5.36 | FNE3 | | | | | | | | | | (a) | 20 | 4 | 1 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 1 | 73.1 | 115.2 ± 0.13 | 5.65 | (b) | 20 | 4 | 1 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1 | 72.9 | 144.8 ± 0.08 | 5.61 | (c) | 20 | 4 | 1 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 1 | 72.7 | 94.9 ± 0.11 | 5.55 | (d) | 20 | 4 | 1 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1 | 72.5 | 98.6 ± 0.10 | 5.54 | (e) | 20 | 4 | 1 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 1 | 72.3 | 99.8 ± 0.15 | 5.40 | FNE4 | | | | | | | | | | (a) | 20 | 4 | 1 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 2 | 72.1 | 103.5 ± 0.14 | 5.73 | (b) | 20 | 4 | 1 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 2 | 71.9 | 144.3 ± 0.09 | 5.70 | (c) | 20 | 4 | 1 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 2 | 71.7 | 114.7 ± 0.15 | 5.66 | (d) | 20 | 4 | 1 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 2 | 71.5 | 91.6 ± 0.08 | 5.68 | (e) | 20 | 4 | 1 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 2 | 71.3 | 99.0 ± 0.13 | 5.34 | FNE5 | | | | | | | | | | (a) | 20 | 4 | 1 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 3 | 71.1 | 110.8 ± 0.11 | 5.68 | (b) | 20 | 4 | 1 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 3 | 70.9 | 155.0 ± 0.12 | 5.64 | (c) | 20 | 4 | 1 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 3 | 70.7 | 124.6 ± 0.14 | 5.58 | (d) | 20 | 4 | 1 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 3 | 70.5 | 103.7 ± 0.13 | 5.45 | (e) | 20 | 4 | 1 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 3 | 70.3 | 100.7 ± 0.13 | 5.40 |
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