Research Article

Physicochemical Characterization and Thermodynamic Studies of Nanoemulsion-Based Transdermal Delivery System for Fullerene

Table 3

Composition and physicochemical characteristics of FNE formulations.

FormulationComponents concentration (%, w/w) Diameter
(±standard deviation) (nm)
pH
PKOEsTween 80Span 80PhenonipXanthan gumBeeswaxWater

Pre-F204100075.089.7 ± 0.105.70
FNE120410.70074.372.8 ± 0.055.60
FNE2
 (a)20410.70.2074.1112.7 ± 0.125.66
 (b)20410.70.4073.9133.5 ± 0.125.64
 (c)20410.70.6073.7104.5 ± 0.135.53
 (d)20410.70.8073.590.9 ± 0.105.47
 (e)20410.71.0073.3113.6 ± 0.115.36
FNE3
 (a)20410.70.2173.1115.2 ± 0.135.65
 (b)20410.70.4172.9144.8 ± 0.085.61
 (c)20410.70.6172.794.9 ± 0.115.55
 (d)20410.70.8172.598.6 ± 0.105.54
 (e)20410.71.0172.399.8 ± 0.155.40
FNE4
 (a)20410.70.2272.1103.5 ± 0.145.73
 (b)20410.70.4271.9144.3 ± 0.095.70
 (c)20410.70.6271.7114.7 ± 0.155.66
 (d)20410.70.8271.591.6 ± 0.085.68
 (e)20410.71.0271.399.0 ± 0.135.34
FNE5
 (a)20410.70.2371.1110.8 ± 0.115.68
 (b)20410.70.4370.9155.0 ± 0.125.64
 (c)20410.70.6370.7124.6 ± 0.145.58
 (d)20410.70.8370.5103.7 ± 0.135.45
 (e)20410.71.0370.3100.7 ± 0.135.40