Methods, Diagnostic Criteria, Cutoff Points, and Prevalence of Sarcopenia among Older People

Table 2

Diagnostic criteria and prevalence of sarcopenia according to gender estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method ().

	Authors, y	Country	Study design; ()	Age (y)	Diagnostic criteria				Prevalence (%)
					Index^∗	Description and reference; population	Cutoff points
							Male; (kg/m^2)	Female; (kg/m^2)	Male; (%)	Female; (%)
1	Janssen et al. 2002 [32]	USA	Cross-sectional; NHANES III; (4.504)	≥60	SMI^%	Class 1: −1 to 2 SD below gender-specific mean of young adults (18–39 y)	37–31%	28–22%	44.0	60.3
						Class 2: −2 SD below gender-specific mean of young adults (18–39 y)	<31%	<22%	7.5	12.2
2	Castillo et al. 2003 [33]	USA	Cross-sectional; (1.700); community-dwelling	55–98	SMI^%	−2 SD below gender-specific mean of young adults from Pichard study	47.9%	34.7%	6.2	5.9
3	Janssen et al. 2004 [9]	USA	Cohort; NHANES III; (4.499)	≥60	SMI^kg/m2	Based on ROC curve analysis for moderate dysfunction	8.51–10.75	5.76–6.75	53.1	21.9
						Based on ROC curve analysis for elevated dysfunction	≤8.50	≤5.75	11.2	9.4
4	Chien et al. 2008 [34]	Taiwan	Cross-sectional; (302); community-dwelling	≥65	SMI^kg/m2	−2 SD below gender-specific mean of Taiwanese young adults (18 a 40 y)	<8.87	<6.42	23.6	18.6
5	Tichet et al. 2008 [35]	France	Cross-sectional; (218); volunteers of healthcare centers	60–78	SMI^%	−2 SD below gender-specific mean of French young adults (18 a 39 y)	34.4%	26.6%	12.5	23.6
					SMI^kg/m2	−2 SD below gender-specific mean of young adults (18 a 39 y)	8.6	6.2	3.6	2.8
6	Bahat et al. 2010 [36]	Turkey	Cohort; (217); male nursing home residents	>60	ASC	−2 SD below gender-specific mean of young adults from control group (24–45 y).	29.6 kg/ASC	—	85.4	—
7	Landi et al. 2012 [10, 37]	Italy	Cross-sectional; (122); Nursing home residents	>70	SMI (kg/m^2)	−2 SD below gender-specific mean of Italian young adults (18 a 40 y)	<8.87	<6.42	68.0	21.0
8	Masanes et al. 2012 [38]	Spain	Cohort; (200)	70–80		−2 SD below gender-specific mean of Spanish young adults (20 a 40 y)	<8.25	6.68	10.0	33.0

SMI^kg/m2: skeletal muscle index: muscle mass calculated using the bioelectrical impedance analysis equation of Janssen et al. (2000) [3]/height².
SMI^%: skeletal muscle index: muscle mass calculated using the bioelectrical impedance analysis equation of Janssen et al. (2000) [3]/weight × 100.
NHANES III: National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys.