Gossypol Toxicity from Cottonseed Products

Table 3

Selected experimental studies describing effects of gossypol on female reproduction.

Animals	Gossypol dose	Effects	Reference
Rats	5 mg/kg BW/day	Longer diestrus	[53]
Rats	25 mg/kg/day	Lower levels of estradiol-17𝛽	[54]
Rats	20 mg/kg/day	Irregular and longer estrous cycles, prolonged time for mating, decreased pregnancy rate, and reduced number of viable embryos	[55]
Heifers	~51 mg/kg BW/day	No interference on cycling, first service conception rate, and ovarian morphology	[56]
Heifers	5 g of free gossypol/animal/day	Reduced number of ovarian follicles >5 mm	[57]