Diverse Effects of Lead Nitrate on the Proliferation, Differentiation, and Gene Expression of Stem Cells Isolated from a Dental Origin

Table 1

Changes in trypan blue dye exclusion assay, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2-,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and lactate dehydrogenase leakage (LDH) rate at various Pb ²⁺ concentrations (mean ± SD).

Index	Sample source	Control	10 µM	20 µM	40 µM	80 µM	160 µM
Trypan blue (in millions)	BM-MSCs	3.13±0.07	2.85±0.72	1.31±0.33	1.21±0.34	1.08±0.69	0.65±0.04
	SCDs	4.54±0.66	4.25±0.65	4.25±0.42	4.21±0.67	3.90±0.60	3.45±0.65
	PDLs	9.04±0.11	8.88±0.67	8.36±0.91	8.31±0.09	7.90±0.55	7.08±0.82
	DPSCs	5.33±0.95	4.65±0.53	4.44±0.51	4.19±0.91	4.07±0.56	3.51±0.67
MTT	BM-MSCs	1.07±0.06	1.02±0.02	0.98±0.14	0.92±0.05	0.82±0.31	0.24±0.03
	SCDs	1.14±0.03	1.09±0.15	0.97±0.25	0.94±0.02	0.89±0.21	0.87±0.04
	PDLs	1.24±0.36	1.12±0.66	1.10±0.58	0.98±0.29	0.80±0.31	0.74±1.45
	DPSCs	1.47±0.74	1.27±0.26	0.10±0.23	0.80±0.84	0.69±0.08	0.55±0.06
LDH (% of control)	BM-MSCs	100	120.45±1.45	135.52±1.58	146.48±1.73	158.60±1.46	164.42±1.95
	SCDs	100	124.84±1.86	134.15±1.42	141.53±1.36	149.59±1.72	154.28±1.31
	PDLs	100	116.35±1.34	124.74±2.04	136.84±1.98	146.15±2.14	158.26±2.3
	DPSCs	100	124.52±1.81	136.43±1.47	142.55±2.26	149.46±2.41	153.98±2.32