Optimization of Culture Conditions (Sucrose, pH, and Photoperiod) for In Vitro Regeneration and Early Detection of Somaclonal Variation in Ginger Lime (Citrus assamensis)

Table 5

The effects of different pH on stem, root, and leaf explants, cultured on optimum media (MS + 1.5 mgL⁻¹ NAA + 2.0 mgL⁻¹ BAP) at 25±1°C. Cultures were maintained at 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness, with 1000 lux intensity of light.

pH of media	Explants	Observations	Callus (%)	Organogenesis
				Shoot (%)	Root (%)
4.8	Stem	Shoots formation after 45 days	NR	33.3±1.7^b	NR
	Root	Yellow callus formation after 35 days	33.3±1.2^a	NR	NR
	Leaf	No response	NR	NR	NR
5.8	Stem	Green callus formation after 25 days; Shoots formation after 30 days	33.3±2.3^a	46.7±2.3^c	NR
	Root	Yellow callus formation after 30 days	46.7±3.5^b	NR	NR
	Leaf	No response	NR	NR	NR
6.8	Stem	Shoots formation after 55 days	NR	20.0±2.3^a	NR
	Root	Green callus formation after 50 days	46.7±1.7^b	NR	NR
	Leaf	No response	NR	NR	NR

Mean ± SE, 𝑛=30. Mean values with different letters (subject to different explant type) in the same column are significantly different at 𝑃<0.05 (NR: no response).