Research Article

A Novel In Vitro Protocol for Inducing Direct Somatic Embryogenesis in Phalaenopsis aphrodite without Taking Explants

Figure 1

The donor plants of P. aphrodite subsp. formosana, their seed germination, and direct somatic embryogenesis from intact seedlings. (a) A flowering potted plant for self-pollination to obtain seeds (bar 1.5 cm). (b) In vitro seed germination after 1 month of sowing on 1/4 MS medium (bar 1 mm). (c) A cluster of embryos originated from the posterior region of a 2-month-old seedling (bar 3 mm). (d) The embryos turned into protocorm-like bodies (bar 2.5 mm). (e) The early event of embryogenesis originated from the leaf surface of a 2-month-old seedling (bar 3.5 mm). (f) The foliar embryos formed from an intact 2-month-old seedling (bar 2 mm). (g) The foliar embryos developed leaves while they were still connected with the first leaf of the parent seedling (bar 5 mm). (h) Numerous embryos initiated from almost the entire seedling (bar = 4 mm). (i) Plantlet conversion while the embryos were still on the parent seedling (bar 4.5 mm). (j) Two-month-old rooted plantlets were successfully established (bar 1 cm).
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