Geochemical Modeling of Trivalent Chromium Migration in Saline-Sodic Soil during Lasagna Process: Impact on Soil Physicochemical Properties

Table 2

Applications of Lasagna process at pilot- and field-scales from inception to date.

Treatment zone material	Contaminant	Soil type	Site dimensions; (length × width × depth)	Polarity reversal/; downtime	Removal efficiency, %	Voltage gradient, (V/cm)/Current (A)	Power consumption, kwh/m^3	Run time, month	Electroosmotic conductivity, cm^2 V^−1 s^−1(×10^−5)	Treatment zone spacing, cm	Reference
AC + sand	p-nitrophenol	Kaolin/; Kaolinite/; clay loam	1.22 m × 0.61 m × 0.61 m	Yes/; continuous	98	1 (constant)/96.2 (based on current density)	51	3	0.56–1.7	35.56	[20]
GAC^1	TCE^2	Clay loam	4.6 m × 3 m; × 4.6 m	Yes/; continuous	99	0.35–0.45/40 (constant)	—	4	1.2	60	[25]
Iron filings + kaolin	TCE	Clay loam	6.4 m × 9.2 m; × 13.7 m	Yes/3-week	95–99	0.23–0.31 (constant)/; 110–200	—	12	1.2	60 & 150	[26]
Iron filings + kaolin	TCE	Clay loam	27.4 m × 22 m; × 13.5 m	No/pulse mode	99	0.15–0.26 (constant)/; 500–700	—	24	—	150	[15, 27]
Iron filings + kaolin	TCE	Clay loam	33 m × 24 m; × 7.5 m	—	60 (after 1 year)	0.16 (constant)/; 250–400	—	24	—	150	[15]

1Granular activated carbon; ²Trichloroethylene.