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| Reference | Objectives | Main results |
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| [61] | Optimal industrial symbiosis system to improve bioethanol production | (i) Reduced bioethanol production and logistic costs
(ii) 2nd generation biomass should be used for bioethanol production |
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| [62] | Bioethanol production from dilute acid pretreated Indian bamboo variety by separate hydrolysis and fermentation | (i) Bioethanol yield of 1.76% (v/v) with an efficiency of 41.69%
(ii) Bamboo can be used as feedstock for the production of bioethanol |
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| [63] | Fuel ethanol production from sweet sorghum bagasse using microwave irradiation | (i) An ethanol yield based on total sugar of 480 g kg−1 was obtained
(ii) Ethanol produced on marginal land at 0.252 m3 ton−1 biomass |
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| [64] | Ultrasonic-assisted simultaneous SSF of pretreated oil palm fronds for bioethanol production | (i) Maximal bioethanol concentration (18.2 g/L) and yield (57.0%) |
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| [65] | Convert sucrose and homocelluloses in sweet sorghum stalks into ethanol | (i) All sugars in sweet sorghum stalk lignocellulose were hydrolysed into fermentable sugars |
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| [66] | Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound to increase bioethanol production | (i) Increase of the production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass to 52 ± 16% |
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| [67] | Different process configurations for bioethanol production from pretreated olive pruning biomass | (i) Ethanol concentration of 3.7 vol% was obtained |
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| [68] | Bioethanol production from water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes | (i) Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae TY2 produced ethanol at 9.6 ± 1.1 g/L |
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| [69] | Enhanced saccharification of biologically pretreated wheat straw for ethanol production | (i) Increase of the sugar yield from 33 to 54% and reduction of the quantity of enzymatic mixture by 40% |
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| [70] | Fermentation of biologically pretreated wheat straw for ethanol production | (i) The highest overall ethanol yield was obtained with the yeast Pachysolen tannophilus: yielded 163 mg ethanol per gram of raw wheat straw (23 and 35% greater) |
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| [71] | Integration of pulp and paper technology with bioethanol production | (i) Reuse existing assets to the maximum extent
(ii) Keep the process as simple as possible
(iii) Match the recalcitrance of the biomass with the severity of the pretreatment |
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| [72] | Production of bioethanol by fermentation of lemon peel wastes pretreated with steam explosion | (i) Reduces the residual content of essential oils below 0.025% and decreases the hydrolytic enzyme requirements
(ii) Obtained ethanol production in excess of 60 L/1000 kg fresh lemon peel biomass |
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| [73] | Ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic saccharification of sugarcane bagasse for bioethanol production | (i) The maximum glucose yield obtained was 91.28% of the theoretical yield and the maximum amount of glucose obtained was 38.4 g/L (MTCC 7450)
(ii) The hydrolyte obtained was 91.22% of the theoretical ethanol yield (MTCC 89)
(iii) Decreases the reaction time
(iv) The application of low intensity ultrasound enhanced the enzyme release and intensified the enzyme-catalysed reaction |
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| [74] | Status and barriers of advanced biofuel technologies | (i) The major barriers for the commercialization of 2nd generation ethanol production are the high costs of pretreatment, enzymes used in hydrolysis, and conversion of C5 sugars to ethanol
(ii) The residues need to be processed for byproducts through biorefinery to improve the economics of the whole process |
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| [75] | Sugarcane bagasse hydrolysis using yeast cellulolytic enzymes | (i) This enzyme extract promoted the conversion of approximately 32% of the cellulose
(ii) C. laurentii is a good β-glucosidase producer |
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| [76] | Pretreatment of unwashed water-insoluble solids of reed straw and corn stover pretreated with liquid hot water to obtain high concentrations of bioethanol | (i) A high ethanol concentration of 56.28 g/L (reed straw) and 52.26 g/L (corn stover) was obtained
(ii) Ethanol yield reached a maximum of 69.1% (reed straw) and 71.1% (corn stover) |
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| [77] | Waste paper sludge as a potential biomass for bioethanol production | (i) SSF using cellulase produced by A. cellulolyticus gave ethanol yield 0.208 (g ethanol/g PS organic material)
(ii) Consolidated biomass processing (CBP) technology gave ethanol yield 0.19 (g ethanol/g Solka floc) |
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| [78] | Assessment of combinations between pretreatment and conversion configurations for bioethanol production | (i) The process based on dilute acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis and cofermentation combination shows the best economic potential
(ii) The cellulose hydrolysis based on an enzymatic process showed the best energy efficiency |
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| [79] | Combined use of gamma ray and dilute acid for bioethanol production | (i) Increasing enzymatic hydrolysis after combined pretreatment is resulting from or decrease in crystallinity of cellulose, loss of hemicelluloses, and removal or modification of lignin |
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| [80] | Ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass (exergy analysis) | (i) Lowest environmental impact for second generation bioethanol production
(ii) Highest exergy efficiency (steam explosion pretreatment + SSF + dehydration) reaching 79.58% |
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| [81] | Alkaline pretreatment on sugarcane bagasse for bioethanol production | (i) The lowest lignin content (7.16%) was obtained
(ii) Cellulose content increased after alkaline pretreatment |
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| [82] | Influence of dual salt pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse for bioethanol production | (i) Better performance was observed using H2O2 with MnSO4⋅H2O and ZnO
(ii) The inhibitor formation was limited
(iii) The maximum theoretical ethanol yield of 84.32% (13.1 g/L, 0.184 g/g sugarcane bagasse) was achieved during the fermentation |
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| [83] | Bioethanol production from alkaline pretreated sugarcane bagasse using Phlebia sp. MG-60 | (i) MG-60 produced cellulose and xylanase rapidly during consolidated bioprocessing (CBP)
(ii) The maximum theoretical ethanol yield of 65.7% (4.5 g/L) was achieved during the fermentation |
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| [84] | Integrated fungal fermentation of sugarcane bagasse for bioethanol production by Phlebia sp. MG-60 | (i) 75% moisture content was suitable for subsequent ethanol production
(ii) Some additives improved delignification in integrated fungal fermentation (IFF)
(iii) Some inorganic chemicals (e.g., Fe2+, Mn2+, and Cu2+) increased the ethanol production |
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| [85] | Furfural and xylose production from sugarcane bagasse in ethanol production | (i) The furfural yield and xylose yield were 6 and 15.5 g/g of sugarcane bagasse, respectively
(ii) Ethanol was produced from the residual solid materials obtained from furfural and xylose at 87.4% and 89.3%, respectively |
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