Effects of Outlets on Cracking Risk and Integral Stability of Super-High Arch Dams

Table 1

Cracking characteristics and reinforcement measures of the numbers 1 and 2 reservoir emptying outlets in the Goupitan arch dam.

Outlets	Series number	Cracking depth (m)		Cracking description	Reinforcement measures
		Max	Min
Number 1 reservoir emptying bottom outlet	Crack series number 1	0.3	0.3	Deck of the number 13 dam monolith at EL 491 m	Groove in cracking surface; Fill in cracks using preshrinkage mortar; Embed grouting pipe system; Drill stress release hole; Install double-layer crack-limiting steel bar
	Crack series number 2			From EL 494 m to EL 488 m along the number 13 dam monolith
	Crack series number 3	1.1	0.7	Deck of the number 14 dam monolith at EL 497 m
Number 2 reservoir emptying bottom outlet	Crack series number 1	1.5	0.3	Deck of the number 14 dam monolith at EL 497 m
	Crack series number 2			From EL 494 m to EL 488 along the number 13 dam monolith
	Crack series number 3	1.7	0.3	Deck of the number 15 dam monolith at EL 490 m
				Deck of the number 15 dam monolith at EL 494 m