Allocation of Secondary Metabolites, Photosynthetic Capacity, and Antioxidant Activity of Kacip Fatimah (Labisia pumila Benth) in Response to CO₂ and Light Intensity

Table 1

Interaction effects of CO₂ levels and irradiance on total phenolics and total flavonoids of Labisia pumila.

CO2 levels; (µmol/mol)	Irradiances; (μmol/m^2/s)	Total phenolics; (mg gallic acid/g dry weight)	Total flavonoids; (mg rutin/g dry weight)
400	225	2.71 ± 0.01^c	1.54 ± 0.21^c
	500	2.14 ± 0.03^e	1.23 ± 0.11^e
	675	1.64 ± 0.04^g	0.98 ± 0.91^g
	900	0.92 ± 0.21^j	0.46 ± 0.21^j
800	225	3.01 ± 0.21^b	1.76 ± 0.03^b
	500	2.56 ± 0.03^d	1.42 ± 0.01^d
	675	1.72 ± 0.01^f	1.07 ± 0.15^f
	900	1.36 ± 0.11^i	0.62 ± 0.02^i
1200	225	3.25 ± 0.23^a	2.12 ± 0.04^a
	500	2.77 ± 0.14^d	1.50 ± 0.05^de
	675	1.86 ± 0.24^f	1.11 ± 0.07^fg
	900	1.47 ± 0.21^h	0.86 ± 0.02^h

All analyses are expressed as means ± standard error of mean (SEM). 𝑁=21. Means not sharing a common letter within a column were significantly different at 𝑃≤0.05.