Cooperative Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization with Dynamic Varying Search Areas and Lévy Flight Disturbance

Table 1

Results of functions optimization in benchmark.

Functions

PSO

QPSO

CQPSO

CQPSO-DVSA-LFD

Minimum

Maximum

Average

Minimum

Maximum

Average

Minimum

Maximum

Average

Minimum

Maximum

Average

Rastrigin’s

6.12𝐸−06

9.00𝐸+00

4.67𝐸+00

3.01𝐸+00

8.90𝐸+01

4.91𝐸+01

2.50E  +  01

1.25𝐸+02

7.52𝐸+01

2.50E  +  01

2.50E  +  01

2.50E  +  01

Griewank

9.87𝐸−03

1.50𝐸−01

5.04𝐸−02

9.12𝐸−06

8.68𝐸−02

3.86𝐸−04

2.58𝐸−06

4.95𝐸−02

1.56𝐸−02

0

8.04𝐸−10

6.83𝐸−11

Michalewicz

−9.284715

−7.846484

−8.387755

−9.375576

−8.195449

−9.006959

−9.613477

−8.394369

−9.237160

−9.660151

−9.660151

−9.660151

Lévy

0.6663

4.6048

2.3496

0.1019

11.5187

2.2827

3.27𝐸−05

2.94𝐸−04

1.48𝐸−04

2.01E  −  05

6.37𝐸−04

2.38𝐸−04

The bold values denote the stable approximate optimal solution compared to other algorithms.