Spinal Fusion in the Next Generation: Gene and Cell Therapy Approaches

Table 1

Bone substitutes resuming.

Category	Bone substitute	Osteoinduction	Osteoconduction	Strength	Resorbability
Biological	Autografts	+	+	+	+
Biological	Allografts	+/−	+	+	+
Biological	Xenografts	+/−	+	+	+
Synthetic	Calcium-based	−	+	+/−	+/−
Synthetic	Polymer-based	−	+/−	+/−	+

+: the material has this property.
−: the material does not have this property.
+/−: the material has intermediate properties.