Adaptive Low-Power Listening MAC Protocol Based on Transmission Rates

Table 1

Types and brief features of LPL protocols.

LPL type	Protocol	Features
Preamble-based LPL	B-MAC [1]	(i) Performs check time, back-off window size, and power-down; (ii) Utilizes CCA (clear channel assessment)
	Wise-MAC [2]	Enhanced LPL based on neighbors' schedule
	X-MAC [3]	Utilizes consecutive short preamble
Packet-based LPL	SpeckMAC [4]	(i) Two types: SpeckMAC-B and SpeckMAC-D; (ii) Transmits consecutive data packet or wake-up packet
	BoX-MAC [5]	(i) Cross layer MAC protocol between PHY and MAC layer; (ii) Two types: BoX-MAC-1 and BoX-MAC-2
	MX-MAC [6]	(i) MAC protocol using CSMA-MPS; (ii) Compatible with X-MAC, SpeckMAC; (iii) Transmits consecutive data packet
Receiver-initiated LPL	RI-MAC [7]	(i) Receiver transmits periodic beacon frame; (ii) Sender transmits data after listening to receiver's beacon
	A-MAC [8]	(i) Utilizes hardware ACK (HACK); (ii) Based on neighbors' schedule