RSM Based Optimization of Chemical and Enzymatic Transesterification of Palm Oil: Biodiesel Production and Assessment of Exhaust Emission Levels
Table 3
Response surface quadratic model analysis of variance (ANOVA) table for chemical transesterification of palm oil.
Source
df
SS (MS)a
SS (MS)b
SS (MS)c
value ( value)a
value ( value)b
value ( value)c
Model
14
76.24 (5.45)
799.32 (57.09)
118.98 (8.50)
14.80 (<0.0001)
47.51 (<0.0001)
6.30 (0.0005)
-catalyst concentration
1
12.54 (12.54)
436.91 (436.91)
27.05 (27.05)
34.09 (<0.0001)
363.60 (<0.0001)
20.06 (0.0004)
-reaction time
1
7.72 (7.72)
0.74 (0.74)
15.33 (15.33)
20.98 (0.0004)
0.61 (0.4463)
11.37 (0.0042)
-reaction temperature
1
0.77 (0.77)
3.23 (3.23)
7.17 (7.17)
2.08 (0.1694)
2.69 (0.1221)
5.32 (0.0358)
-alcohol : oil molar ratio
1
19.21 (19.21)
32.67 (32.67)
7.66 (7.66)
52.21 (<0.0001)1)
27.19 (0.0001)
5.68 (0.0308)
1
0.092 (0.092)
7.02 (7.02)
2.86 (2.86)
0.25 (0.6252)
5.84 (0.0288)
2.12 (0.1662)
1
0.42 (0.42)
22.09 (22.09)
11.53 (11.53)
1.14 (0.3026)
18.38 (0.0006)
8.55 (0.0105)
1
2.17 (2.17)
17.64 (17.64)
0.0025 (0.0025)
5.89 (0.0282)
14.68 (0.0016)
0.001854 (0.9662)
1
0.66 (0.66)
2.10 (2.10)
11.39 (11.39)
1.79 (0.2003)
1.75 (0.2057)
8.45 (0.0109)
1
0.47 (0.47)
23.52 (23.52)
0.41 (0.41)
1.28 (0.2748)
19.58 (0.0005)
0.30 (0.5896)
1
0.21 (0.21)
18.49 (18.49)
5.00 (5.00)
0.58 (0.4576)
15.39 (0.0014)
3.70 (0.0734)
1
0.80 (0.80)
222.79 (222.79)
0.11 (0.11)
2.16 (0.1621)
185.41 (<0.0001)
0.081 (0.7805)
1
2.81 (2.81)
23.47 (23.47)
0.69 (0.69)
7.65 (0.0144)
19.53 (0.0005)
0.52 (0.4839)
1
0.58 (0.58)
3.86 (3.86)
0.015 (0.015)
1.57 (0.2288)
3.21 (0.0934)
0.011 (0.9176)
1
23.45 (23.45)
19.82 (19.82)
27.13 (27.13)
63.75 (<0.0001)
16.49 (0.0010)
20.12 (0.0004)
Residual
15
5.52 (0.37)
18.02 (1.20)
20.23 (1.35)
Lack of fit
10
3.11 (0.31)
16.27 (1.63)
17.81 (1.78)
0.64 (0.7415)
4.64 (0.0521)
3.69 (0.0813)
Pure error
5
2.41 (0.48)
1.75 (0.35)
2.42 (0.48)
Cor total
29
81.76
817.35
139.20
SS (MS) = sum of squares (mean square). Model a represents quadratic model based on experimental results of KOH catalyzed transestrification of under-study feedstock. Model b represents quadratic model based on experimental results of NaOH catalyzed transestrification of under-study feedstock. Model c represents quadratic model based on experimental results of NaOCH3 catalyzed transestrification of under-study feedstock.
