Biodiesel from Citrullus colocynthis Oil: Sulfonic-Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Esterification of a Two-Step Process

Table 3

Fuel parameters of CCOME as compared to ASTM standards.

Property	Unit	Test method	CCOME in this work	ASTM D 6751-02
Density, 15°C	kg/m^3	ASTM D4052	875.7	870–900
Kinematic viscosity, 40°C	mm^2/s	ASTM D445	4.486	1.9–6.0
Flash point	°C	ASTM D93	174	130 min.
Specific gravity, 15°C	—	ASTM D4052	0.889	0.88–0.90
Iodine value	g I2/100 g oil	AOCS Cd1-25	111.46	120 max
Distillation temperature, 95%	°C	ASTM D86	341	360 max.
Cetane number	wt.%	ASTM D613	62.4	47 min
Water content	wt.%	ASTM D6304	0.02	0.05 max.
Acid value	mg KOH/gm	ASTM D664	0.29	0.80 max.
Ester content	wt.%	—	98.2	—